Sarans Essays Essay Example for Free

Sarans Essays Essay The ancient ideal the Greeks in ancient times and education the tendency today job oriented education the drawbacks of specialization education for livelihood. The ancient ideal of education was that education should be for life and not for livelihood. Knowledge was regarded as an end in itself and not a means to an end. The ancient ideal of education was a liberal one. Students were required to make a study of a variety of subjects, so that they could make a comparative study and develop their judgement and critical faculty. Knowledge was looked upon as a valuable possession which one had to try to acquire with much trouble and difficulty. Ancient scholars thought nothing of travelling to distant, lands to drink at the fountain head of knowledge. They would seek learned teachers and become their willing disciples. The ancient Greeks held the view that education had to help a man to have a balanced and well-integrated personality. It had to help him to achieve harmony within his own being by attaining a balance of body, mind and spirit. It had also to help him to achieve harmony with his environment and his fellow human beings. Education for life is meant to make a man liberal, tolerant and broad minded in his outlook. The tendency today, however, is towards providing for a Business Education or an Education for Livelihood. Todays education is a job oriented education. As a result of this, many Business Colleges have sprung up which are supposed to train people for particular jobs. The knowledge imparted in these colleges is rather limited in scope. It is restricted to whatever is connected with a special profession or trade. Though specialization is supposed to lean to thoroughness and efficiency, it has its own drawback. The students who go in for a Business Education become narrow minded. They lack tolerance and the ability to understand anothers point of view. They study everything from the view point of usefulness and not for aesthetic pleasure. They may not be able to relax and enjoy a book for its own sake if it has no connection with their trade or profession. They may never be able to enter and enjoy the magic regions of art and literature. Education for livelihood does not encourage a student to think for himself and to develop his creative and critical faculties. As his field of study is very narrow, he does not have a chance to make a comparative study, to judge the merits and demerits of other subjects.

Volunteerism and Community Service in America Today Essay -- Contributi

â€Å"Volunteers are not paid; not because they are worthless, but because they are priceless.† - Sherry Anderson (Volunteering Quotes: Finest Quotes). Part I: Volunteerism and Community Service in the United States Research shows that when Americans are "properly asked to serve", they serve, says the Corporation for National and Community Service, on their website dedicated to U.S. volunteerism(Volunteering and Civic Life in America 2014). The question, then, is what does "properly asked to serve" consist of. If the government issues a call to all able United States citizens to donate a mere three to five hours a week to a teen-mentoring, child-tutoring, or other volunteer program for the benefit of the country and the good of society, will it happen? Will people, hearing this summons, eagerly and/or obediently sign up at their favorite charity organization for a shift? Will they, with no monetary compensations, social benefits, or employment benefits give of their valuable and potentially dollar-earning time out of the goodness of their hearts and concern for the future well-being of society? Perhaps this isn't what "properly asked to serve" consists of for North Americans. When people do respond to their summons, researchers say, things happen. The mentoring system is supposedly one of the most beneficial of volunteer activities, in terms of reaching "at risk" kids. The Philadelphia Summit on volunteerism that took place in April of 1997 targeted five basic needs of at-risk kids: a relationship with a caring adult, supervised and safe sites for play, marketable skills, a healthy start, and a sense of service. These five criteria, if met, are expected to lower teen pregnancy rates, high school drop-out rates, and the ... ...more fortunate situations share, contribute, and cooperate in the change and development process. Works Cited: Aaker, Jerry. Partners With the Poor. New York: Friendship Press, 1993. "Volunteering and Civic Life in America 2014" Corporation for National and Community Service. Web. 05 May 2015. http://www.volunteeringinamerica.gov/ Chambers, Robert. Rural Development: Putting the Last First. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1993. Clasen, Susan. Vultures & Butterflies: Living the Contradictions. Scottdale: Herald Press, 1992. Coles, Robert. Call of Service: A Witness to Idealism. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1993. "Volunteering Quotes :: Finest Quotes." Source for Famous Quotes, Inspirational Quotes & Sayings :: Finest Quotes. Web. 05 May 2015. "What Is Volunteering." Web. 05 May 2015. http://www.volunteerbristol.org.uk/volunteers

Why did the civil rights movement run into difficulties in the 1960’s?

The following will examine why the civil rights movement run into difficulties in the 1960's. The difficulties that the civil rights movement experienced included violence, hard to solve problems, failure in Chicago and different organisations fighting. In this essay I will be discussing how these complications run into difficulties in the 1960's. The first cause for the difficulties was that president Jonson ignored a report. The report that he did ignore was the cornel report. The government had to act due to the riots. So president Johnson starts an enquiry, the enquiry finished in 1967 which was called the cornel report. The conclusion of the report was the reasons for the violence are because of the social and economic problems which occurred in the ghettos. This requires money to solve problems, which means the government has to intervene. However president Johnson ignored the report, this caused violence to increase. The reason why he chose to ignore the report was due to the fact that the elections where taking place and so he wanted the white citizens vote, furthermore if he is seen as being of assistance to the black citizens then he will be considered as a communist which will cause him to lose more votes. To summarise why the civil rights movements run into difficulties in the 1960's was because the president ignored the report as he was only thinking about himself, this can be portrayed as being self absorbed and due to this it resulted in additional violence. I think that this is quite important because it displays the president's selfishness. The second cause of these difficulties was that the government took money for the Vietnam war. This money was taken from the ghettos which was meant to be used to assist deprived African Americans but later the president decided to use it to invest guns, tanks, food, bombs ect which where required for the war. The relationship between Martin Luther King and the government begun to lead to a disappointing out come. Their relationship conducted to this consequence due to the fact that Martin Luther King begun to get increasingly angry as black Americans where not getting the assistance which was required, therefore he felt as though he had to say something to President Johnson but Martin Luther King was in dichotomy as he did want to tell the president that only when a war is taking place, Black Americans are considered equal but in reality they are not equal also there is no reason for America to get involved in the war so why is the government using the money that can be used to help poor African Americans in the ghettos. On the other hand he didn't want to criticise the government because Martin Luther King believed that no further action or change will occur if he treats the government in this manner. In April 1967, Martin Luther King launched a scaling attack on President Johnson where he crucified him verbally by saying that the war was uncivilised; it took money away from where it was essential in addition black Americans cannot be considered equal when the government wants them to be equal. The presidents reaction to this was to make sure that no further assistance is given to Martin Luther King due to the criticism and the money went to the war and not the ghettos. To summarise why the civil rights movement run into difficulties in the 1960's was due to the fact that the Vietnam war required money and the only place where money could have been obtained was from the ghettos which was supposedly meant to help underprivileged African Americans, however Martin Luther King disliked this idea therefore he criticised the president and due to this disapproval, the president decided not to allow any further change. I think that this is more important than the president ignoring the report, as it displays that one cause of the difficulties was because the president got criticised and therefore he did not want to give any additional assistance for the future. The third cause was that the black citizens rejected Martin Luther King in the North. This was because he didn't understand that people are not concerned with formal desegregation or right to vote. They were concerned with social and economic problems which displayed no signs of preventions. In addition the people knew little about Martin Luther King's exploits and achievements in the South. They didn't share his Christian outlook and where less religious than he is also they where less convinced with the idea of a non-violent protest. To summarise why the civil rights movement run into difficulties in the 1960's was because people in the North have not heard about Martin Luther King, they didn't understand what he has managed to achieve in the South. They only knew that changes happened in the South due to crisis being occurred, which where displayed in the media. The media did not demonstrate that Martin Luther King had caused these crisis to arise so that action will take place and therefore this lead to the rejection of Martin Luther King in the North. I think that this is very important than the government taking money from the ghettos because it shows that Martin Luther King was prepared to make change occur but the Northerners rejected him. The fourth cause was Martin Luther King's incorrect tactics in Chicago. In January 1966 Martin Luther King took his strategies of non violence to the north to try to address the problem of segregation. Chicago was selected as the target. There were major problems to overcome in making this conversion from the south to the north. Martin Luther King had not fully thought through the tactics he intended to utilize and Richard Daley, the Mayor of Chicago, was unlikely to react to demonstrations in the same way as Connor or Clark. The divisions between the SCLC and the local Chicago activists made organisation complicated. The demonstrators entered an all White area called Marquet Park, they were faced by racist abuse and cruelty. In the face of the disturbances, Daley made vague commitments to promoting integrated housing, but the reality was that little changed in Chicago. In the aftermath of his failure in Chicago, Martin Luther King turned in other directions. His concerns became increasingly focused on the economic plight of the poor of all races and at the time of his death in 1968 he was planning a â€Å"Poor People's March†. in the meantime, the civil rights movement had moved in new and different directions. Due to all the chaos caused, Martin Luther King was portrayed as a nazi and communist. He believed that even though there wasn't a positive outcome, he managed to gain moral high ground however he didn't understand that even this was not achieved as the citizens of the north where not going to stay quite. To summarise the reason why the civil rights movement run into difficulties in 1960's was due to the fact that Martin Luther King did not understand the social and economic problems in the north he only believed that racism was present and because of this the social and economic problems had taken place, but this was not the reason, the reason why there where social and economic problems was because of the poverty trap which had prevented the African Americans from getting a well paid job that can support them as well as their families. I think that this reason is more important than the previous factor because it illustrates that the citizens in the north had rejected Martin Luther King as they didn't understand who he was and therefore moral high ground was not obtained which lead to the chaos created in Chicago. The final cause of the difficulties was the rise of black power. There had been divisions in the civil rights movement since its inception. These gained in pace in the mid-1960's. the ideas of Black Power did not form a coherent ideology in the same way as Martin Luther king's ideas of non violence. Martin Luther King's tactics had been a valid strategy in the context of the legal racism of the south and had operated to undermine the discrimination. It had been clear from the events in Chicago that these methods were not relevant to the problems of discrimination in the north. Therefore, northern black Americans were looking for ideas that were appropriate to their position and Black Power seemed to offer answers to their social, economic and political problems. Many of the ideas Black power were derived from the teachings of Malcolm X. e had been involved in pretty much a lot of crime as a young man, but whilst in jail he had converted to Islam, changed his name from Malcolm Little and had become a member of the Nation if Islam. He was an inspirational speaker and his ideas included the following elements: a belief that blacks should distance themselves from white society and not attempt the integration advocated by Martin Luther King and his followers. He believed that blacks should develop their own organisations and self-help completely separate from those of white society. These ideas of segregation were derived from Marcus Garvey whom Malcolm X's parents had admired. A belief that non-violence in the face of white aggression was not an appropriate response. He argued that when blacks were faced with white oppression then armed self-defence was permissible. However, although he preached this position, he himself never directly engaged in violence, which was led to come debate as to whether he was merely using the language of violence to achieve concessions from the authorities. In 1964 Malcolm X parted from the Nation of Islam and was assassinated the following year by members of the Nation of Islam. In 1966, James Meredith decided to march from Memphis, Tennessee to Jackson, Mississippi in an attempt to encourage voter registration under the new Voting Rights Act. Meredith was shot by an unknown assailant and unable to continue the march. A number of black organisations decided to complete the march. These included SCLC, SNCC, CORE, NAACP and the National Urban League. Events reinforced the divisions between these various groups: NAACP and the National Urban League did not participate because of disagreements with the SNCC. Other divisions also emerged between the SCLC and SNCC and CORE. A month before the Meredith March, Stokeley Carmichael had become the new leader of SNCC. Under his leadership, SNCC was to become increasingly radical. As the March made its way through Tennessee and Mississippi, two rivals sets of slogans begun to be chanted. Followers of the SCLC maintained their call from â€Å"Freedom Now†, but increasingly, the shout of â€Å"Black Power† could be heard from the SNCC and CORE supporters. There Meredith March therefore marked a shift from the non-violent tactics of Martin Luther King to a more radical phase of action. To summarise why the civil rights movement run into difficulties in the 1960's was due to Black Power because they where seen as an influential organisation that was able to obtain requirements for equal rights by using violence. The use of the violence inflicted an assortment of riots and chaos in the towns which resulted the civil rights movement into a failure. I think that this is the most important cause and that it is more important than Martin Luther King's incorrect tactics because due to the Black Power Martin Luther King's march in Chicago was seen useless as the black Americans believed that their rights cannot be attained by the use of non violence so therefore they turned to violent actions which showed that they can get what ever want by using violence. In conclusion, the reason why the civil rights movement run into difficulties in the 1960's was due to various factors. These factors included president Johnson ignoring reports because he wanted the white Americans to vote for him and if he was seen assisting the African Americans then he will be considered as a communist this will result in him gaining less votes; lack of government action was the second factor, as the government used the money for the Vietnam war that was preliminary meant to be used for the ghettos. Martin Luther King disliked this idea and therefore criticised the president, and then the president came to the decision of not assisting the black Americans again because he got criticised due to his actions; the third factor was that the black northerners rejected Martin Luther King and they did not follow his idea of moral high ground which lead to violent in the towns; Martin Luther King's incorrect tactics in Chicago was the fourth factor, as he didn't understand that the poverty trap caused the social and economic problems and not due to racism and the final cause was Black Power, as Malcolm X said that you have to fight for what you want. Malcolm X didn't exactly say that violence will obtain what is required but this implies that by the use of violence you can get what you want. All these factors display why the civil rights movement run into difficulties in the 1960's it also gives the historian additional information about the influential figures of 1960's America.

Ralph Ellison 20th Century American Writer

Overview Writer Ralph Waldo Ellison is best known for his novel , which won the National Book Award in 1953. Ellison also wrote a collection of essays, Shadow and Act (1964) and Going to the Territory (1986). A novel, Juneteenth was published in 1999--five years after Ellison’s death. Early Life and Education Named after Ralph Waldo Emerson, Ellison was born in Oklahoma City on March 1, 1914. His father, Lewis Alfred Ellison, died when Ellison was three years old. His mother, Ida Millsap would raise Ellison and his younger brother, Herbert, by working odd jobs. Ellison enrolled in Tuskegee Institute to study music in 1933. Life in New York City and an Unexpected Career In 1936, Ellison traveled to New York City to find work. His intention was originally to save enough money to pay for his school expenses at Tuskegee Institute. However, after he began working with the Federal Writer’s Program, Ellison decided to relocate to New York City permanently. With the encouragement of writers such as Langston Hughes, Alain Locke, and , Ellison began to publish essays and short stories in a variety of publications. Between 1937 and 1944, Ellison published an estimated 20 book reviews, short stories, articles and essays. In time, he became the managing editor for The Negro Quarterly. Invisible Man Following a brief stint at a Merchant Marine during World War II, Ellison returned to the United States and continued writing. While visiting a friend’s home in Vermont, Ellison began writing his first novel,   Invisible Man. Published in 1952, Invisible Man tells the story of an African-American man who migrates from the South to New York City and feels alienated as a result of racism. The novel was an instant bestseller and won the National Book Award in 1953. Invisible Man would be considered a groundbreaking text for its exploration of marginalization and racism in the United States. Life After Invisible Man Following the success of Invisible Man, Ellison became an American Academy fellow and lived in Rome for two years. During this time, Ellison would publish an essay included in the Bantam anthology, A New Southern Harvest. Ellison published two collections of essays--Shadow and Act in 1964 followed by Going to the Territory in 1986. Many of Ellison’s essays focused on themes such as the African-American experience and jazz music.   He also taught at schools such as Bard College and New York University, Rutgers University and the University of Chicago. Ellison received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1969 for his work as a writer. The following year, Ellison appointed as a faculty member at New York University as the Albert Schweitzer Professor of Humanities. In 1975, Ellison was elected to The American Academy of Arts and Letters. In 1984, he received the Langston Hughes Medal from the City College of New York (CUNY). Despite the popularity of  Invisible Man  and the demand for a second novel, Ellison would never publish another novel. In 1967, a fire at his Massachusetts home would destroy more than 300 pages of a manuscript. At the time of his death, Ellison had written 2000 pages of a second novel but was not satisfied with his work.   Death On April 16, 1994, Ellison died from pancreatic cancer in New York City. Legacy A year after Ellison’s death, a comprehensive collection of the writer’s essays were published. In 1996, Flying Home, a collection of short stories was also published. Ellison’s literary executor, John Callahan, shaped a novel that Ellison was completing before his death. Entitled Juneteenth, the novel was published posthumously in 1999. The novel received mixed reviews. The New York Times said in its review that the novel was â€Å"disappointingly provisional and incomplete.† In 2007, Arnold Rampersad published Ralph Ellison: A Biography. In 2010, Three Days Before the Shooting was published and provided readers with an understanding of how the previously published novel was shaped.